Abstract Dermoscopy is an essential in vivo diagnostic technique in the clinical evaluation of skin tumors. Currently, the same can also be said about its implications when approaching different clinical situations in Dermatology. A growing number of reports on dermatological scenarios and diseases have been published, in which dermoscopy has been of great diagnostic help. The term ‟entomodermoscopy” was coined to describe dermoscopic findings in skin infestations and also in dermatoses of infectious etiology. In part I of this article, the main dermoscopic descriptions of zoodermatoses and bacterial infections will be addressed. In many of them, such as scabies, pediculosis, myiasis, and tungiasis, it is possible to identify the pathogen and, consequently, attain the diagnosis more quickly and use the technique to follow-up therapeutic effectiveness. In other situations that will be described, dermoscopy can allow the observation of clinical findings with greater detail, rule out differential diagnoses, and increase the level of confidence in a clinical suspicion.

Abstract In addition to the infestations and bacterial infections reported in part I, the study of entomodermoscopy also involves descriptions of dermoscopic findings of a growing number of viral and fungal infections, among others. In this article, the main clinical situations in viral infections where dermoscopy can be useful will be described, that is in the evaluation of viral warts, molluscum contagiosum, and even in recent scenarios such as the COVID-19 pandemic. As for fungal infections, dermoscopy is particularly important, not only in the evaluation of the skin surface, but also of skin annexes, such as hairs and nails. The differential diagnosis with skin tumors, especially melanomas, can be facilitated by dermoscopy, especially in the evaluation of cases of verruca plantaris, onychomycosis and tinea nigra.

AbstractWaardenburg syndrome is an inherited disease characterized by sensorineural hearing loss, pigmentation changes and minor facial malformations. It has four clinical variants. We report the case of a girl who, like her mother, was affected by this syndrome. The diagnosis was made after detection and treatment of deafness.

The authors describe a case of Cowden´s syndrome in a female patient with classic cutaneous lesions, plus papillomatous lesions in the gastrointestinal tract and a previous history of thyroid carcinoma. Mucocutaneous lesions occur in 90% of Cowden's syndrome cases and are characterized by facial trichilemmomas, oral mucosal papillomas and benign acral keratoses. Sites of extracutaneous involvement include: the thyroid, gastrointestinal tract, breast and endometrial tissue. There is risk of malignancies in these organs and they need to be monitored with imaging tests. The early diagnosis of the syndrome by a dermatologist through mucocutaneous lesions enables the investigation and diagnosis of extracutaneous involvement.

The "Quantitative Global Scarring Grading System for Postacne Scarring" was developed in English for acne scar grading, based on the number and severity of each type of scar. The aims of this study were to translate this scale into Brazilian Portuguese and verify its reliability and validity. The study followed five steps: Translation, Expert Panel, Back Translation, Approval of authors and Validation. The translated scale showed high internal consistency and high test-retest reliability, confirming its reproducibility. Therefore, it has been validated for our population and can be recommended as a reliable instrument to assess acne scarring.

Vasculopatia livedoide é uma doença crônica e recorrente caracterizada por livedo reticular e úlceras simétricas nos membros inferiores, que cicatrizam e deixam uma cicatriz branca atrófica ("atrophie blanche"). Envolvimento neurológico é raro e está provavelmente associado a isquemia pela trombose dos vasa nervorum. Avaliação laboratorial é indicada com o intuito de excluir causas secundárias como estados de hipercoagulabilidade, doenças autoimunes e neoplasias. Apresentamos dois pacientes com uma rara associação de vasculopatia livedoide com neuropatia periférica, enfatizando a importância de uma abordagem multidisciplinar na busca do diagnóstico correto.

Livedoid vasculopathy (LV) is a chronic and recurrent disease consisting of livedo reticularis and symmetric ulcerations, primarily located on the lower extremities, which heal slowly and leave an atrophic white scar ("atrophie blanche"). Neurological involvment is rare and presumed to be secondary to the ischemia from vascular thrombosis of the vasa nervorum. Laboratory evaluation is needed to exclude secondary causes such as hyper-coagulable states, autoimmune disorders and neoplasms. We present two patients with a rare association of peripheral neuropathy and LV, thereby highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to reach the correct diagnosis.

INTRODUÇÃO: A dermatite atópica (DA) é uma doença inflamatória crônica da pele que apresenta um impacto significativo na qualidade de vida dos pacientes, em conseqüência de episódios recorrentes durante a vida. Considerando estudos recentes que descrevem a associação entre aspectos psicológicos e DA, acredita-se que a investigação da existência de um possível perfil comportamental destas crianças possa auxiliar o desenvolvimento de intervenções psicoterápicas específicas, assim como aumentar o conhecimento sobre a doença. MÉTODOS: Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma avaliação do perfil sociocomportamental de crianças portadoras de DA, comparando-as com crianças sem a doença. Neste estudo, do tipo caso-controle, foram incluídos dois grupos com idades entre 4 e 18 anos: o grupo-estudo, com pacientes portadores de DA que consultam no ambulatório do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), e o grupo-controle, composto por crianças e adolescentes sem doença dermatológica, matriculados em escola da rede pública de Porto Alegre. O tamanho estimado da amostra foi de 25 indivíduos em cada grupo. A coleta dos dados realizou-se através do Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), validado no Brasil com o nome de Inventário de Comportamento da Infância e Adolescência. RESULTADOS: Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas duas dimensões globais (internalização e externalização), sendo que as crianças portadoras de DA mostraram mais sintomas relacionados com ansiedade, depressão, alterações de pensamento e comportamento agressivo quando comparadas com crianças sem a doença. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados demonstram a necessidade de abordagens interdisciplinares no tratamento da criança com DA, valorizando não só as lesões dermatológicas, como também os aspectos emocionais dos indivíduos.

INTRODUCTION: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that has a significant impact on the patients' quality of life due to recurrent episodes during their lives. Considering recent studies describing the association between psychological aspects and atopic dermatitis, it can be suggested that the search of a possible behavioral profile of children presenting AD may be of help in the development of specific psychotherapeutic interventions as well as it will increase knowledge on the disease. METHODOLOGY: This research aims at evaluating the social behavior profile of children with AD compared with others without the disease. In this case-control study, two groups aged 4 to 18 years old have been included; the study-group includes patients with atopic dermatitis who have been assisted at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) and the control-group is composed of children and adolescents without AD enrolled at public schools in Porto Alegre. The estimated sample size was 25 individuals in each group. Data collection was accomplished with the Child Behavior Cheklist (CBCL), which was validated in Brazil as Inventário de Comportamento da Infância e Adolescência. RESULTS: Significant statistic differences were demonstrated in both global dimensions (internalizing and externalizing). Children with AD presented more symptoms related to anxiety, depression, thought alterations and aggressive behavior as compared to children without the disease. CONCLUSION: The results emphasize the need of interdisciplinary approaches in treating children with AD, comprising not only the dermatological but also the emotional aspects of the disease.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La dermatitis atópica (DA) es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica de la piel que presenta un impacto significativo en la calidad de vida de los pacientes, en consecuencia de episodios recurrentes durante la vida. Considerando estudios recientes que describen la asociación entre aspectos psicológicos y la dermatitis atópica, se cree que la investigación de la existencia de un posible perfil comportamental de estos niños puede auxiliar el desarrollo de intervenciones psicoterápicas específicas, así como aumentar el conocimiento sobre la enfermedad. MÉTODO: Este trabajo tiene por objetivo realizar una evaluación del perfil socio-comportamental de niños portadores de DA y comparar con el perfil de niños sin la enfermedad. El estudio fue epidemiológico de tipo caso-control. Fueron incluidos dos grupos, siendo un grupo estudio, con pacientes de edad entre 4-18 años, portadores de dermatitis atópica, que consultan en el ambulatorio del Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre- HCPA, y un grupo control, con niños y adolescentes matriculados en escuela de la red pública de Porto Alegre, sin enfermedad dermatológica. El tamaño estimado de la muestra fue de 25 individuos en cada grupo. La colecta de los datos se realizó a través del CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist), validado en Brasil con el nombre de Inventario de Comportamiento de la Infancia y Adolescencia. Este trabajo fue aprobado por el comité de ética en investigación del Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. RESULTADOS: Como resultados fueron encontradas diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las dos dimensiones globales (Internalización y Externalización) siendo que los niños portadores de dermatitis atópica del grupo estudiado mostraron síntomas relacionados a ansiedad, depresión, alteraciones de pensamiento y comportamiento agresivo cuando comparadas con niños sin la enfermedad. CONCLUSIÓN: Este resultado enfatiza la necesidad de abordajes interdisciplinarios en el tratamiento del niño con DA, valorando no sólo el aspecto dermatológico, sino también el individuo que está en sufrimiento.